1、阳光16法则。即在拍摄处于明媚均匀的阳光下的主体时,快门定为感光度倒数,光圈为F16为宜。以此为基准,可以估算出,在海滩用F22光圈,有云的晴天用F11等。( Sunny 16 rule: The basic exposure for an average scene taken on a bright, sunny day is f/16 at a shutter speed equivalent to one over the ISO setting—that is, f/16 at 1/100 sec at ISO 100. From this you can interpolate, and try f/22 at the beach, f/11 on a cloudy-bright day, etc.)
2、月光11,8,和5.6法则。摄影月亮的曝光组合有多种。但最为人乐于使用的是11、8和5.6组合。当快门速度为感光度倒数时,满月用F11光圈,半月和3/4月分用F8和F5.6。( Moony 11, 8, and 5.6 rules: There are many different rules that work well when shooting the moon. One favorite for a proper exposure of a full moon is f/11 at one over the ISO setting. For pictures of a half moon, use the same shutter speed at f/8, and for a quarter moon, use the same shutter speed at f/5.6.)
3、相机抖动法则。安全的快门速度是焦距的倒数。如使用50毫米的镜头时,如果手持拍摄,速度至少要在1/60以上为宜(当然,防抖头不算)。如果低于此速度,请使用闪光灯,脚架,或为相机找其他支持物。( Camera shake rule: The slowest shutter speed at which you can safely handhold a camera is one over the focal length of the lens in use. As shutter speeds get slower, camera shake is likely to result in an increasing loss of sharpness. So, if you’re using a 50mm lens, shoot at 1/60 sec or faster. Not enough light? Use a flash, tripod, or brace your camera against a solid object.)